Internal-combustion engine.



' A. E. HALL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

I APPLICATION FILED MAR.14,1911.

a n uwn io o Patented Dec. 5, 1911 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. E. HALL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.

TS SHECT 7 O U U a @dWWw /Y" onrrnn STATES PATENT oFFIoE.

ALLEN E. HALL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

.engine of this character of the two cycle type, in which a piston of two diameters moves in a cylinder of two diameters, and

said-piston acts to compress the air on its outward stroke, and when at the end of its outward stroke, releases said air into the cylinder, and also releases gas to commingle i but which is'taken through the piston only-.'

' 5, is a fragmentary view in longitudinal secwith the air to form an explosive mixture.

A further object is to, provide a piston with an air cooled rod telescoping in the tubular stem of an exhaust valve, and serving to open the exhaust valve when the piston reaches a predetermined pointin the cylinder, said exhaust valve normally held in closed position, and returned to such 'posi: tion by means of a spring.

A further object is to provide an improvedexhaust valve having a hollow stem, and a tubular rod telescoping in said stem, and connected with the engine piston, said rod controlling the opening movement of the exhaust valve, and provide in said rod improved means for compelling a movement of air or gas therein to keep the rod cool.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, as 'Wlll' be more fully hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1, is a view in longitudinal section illustrating one form of my improvements. Fig. 2, is a view in section on an enlarged scale on the line 2-2 of Fig.1, Fig. 3, s a view on an enlarged scale on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1,

Fig. {1, is a view in longitudinal section illustrating a modified form of engine,and Fig.

t-ion through the cylinder only, taken at right angles to Fig. 4 so as to show the location; and arrangement of gas" inlet 4 1.

1, represents the cylinder of my improved engine, which is of two diameters as illus- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 14, 1911. Serial No. 614,298.

Patented Dec. 5, 1911.

trated, the upper larger diameter constituting an explosion chamber 2, and the lower smaller diameter 3 communicating with a crank housing 4 supporting the same. a

The explosion chamber 2 is suitably water jacketed as shown, and while a vertical cylinder is illustrated, the inventionis not limited to'a vertical cylinder asmy improvements may be employed with the cylinder in any position.

The crank housing 4 provides bearings 5 for 'a crank shaft (5, on which a fly wheel 7 is secured, and this crank shaft 6 is connected by a connecting rod 8 with a cross pin 9 in my improved piston 10. It is to be understood, that the crank casing is air and gas tight as is customary with engines of the two cycle type.

Referring to the construction shown, in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, it will be noted that. an

exhaust valve 11 is provided and adapted to close a ainst a seat 13, communicating with a pas age 14: for the exploded gases. This valve 11 is provided with a tubular stem 15 mounted to slide in a cylindrical bearing 16 which extends through the head of cylinder 1, and is provided on its outer end with a cap. 17 against which a coiled spring 18 bears. This spring 18 is positioned between cap 17, and the end of cylinder 1, and is adapted when permitted, to

in such position.

My improved piston 10 is of cylindrical hollow form constituting an air chamber or compartment, communicating through a port 19. The inner end of the piston 10 is provided with a circular valve sdat 20, below which a plurality of openings 21 are provided through which the air move valve 11 tofclosed position, and hold it v with the crank casingi 4 into which air is supplied passescintolthe explosion chamber 2 when permitted by a valve 22. This valve 22 is preferably made :integral with a tubular valve stem 23, which extends through a central opening 241 in piston 10, and also extends throughout the length of the explosion chamber, and through an opening 25 in valve 11, and is provided with a head 26,

which ismovable in valve stem 15, and is adapted tom'ove' valve 11 as will hereinafter appear.

A cross pin 27 is projected through slots 28 in the lower end of rod 23 inside of piston 10, and below a cap ring 29 located around rod and between which, and, the.

gone only, '1 1 15' "The opera end of piston 10, a coiled spring 30 is-located position. 5;

31, represents an inlet for gas,:which comand tends, always .to move .valve 22 to closed 5 municates with apassage 32 having its ends communicating withthecylin'der, and spaced apart a'distance approximating'the length r of the larger diameter of piston 10. One other of such 'passages32 is shown at the Opposite side of the cylinder, but any number of these'passages may be provided as'desired, being understood of course, that the gas inlet communicates directly with above described is as follows: The piston 10 is shown in its extreme outward position,

:and valve 1] is slightly open, so that the exploded "gases are still escaping through thefpassage 14'. Air is passing upward through the openings 21, and gas is entering through the passages 32' to commingle with the air and form an explosive mixture,-

,the air and the gas rushing into the'cyli'nder tending. to force out mactically all-of the exploded mixture, and thoroughly scavengingthe engine, When the piston 9begins its upward or compression stroke, as spring 18 is stronger than spring exhaust valve 30 v11 will be seated before air valve 22 closes,

. but the operation of the latter will follow shortly afterjtheclosing of the exhaust valve, and the piston will move upwardly ton, byrea'son of the larger diameter in combustion .chamberr2, forms an elongated annular chamber aroundthe vpiston, serving to suck in the gas; in a quantitysufiicient to .supply the. next charge, so that when the piston moves downward on its firing stroke,

it will compress this gas until the piston reaches thepositionshown-in Fig.1, when such gas will escape through the passages 1 29 intothe combustion chamber.

When the piston reaches the I inner end of its stroke,

"and the explosive mixture is highlyqcom- ""pressed, it is ignited by any suitable mecha- ";'nism '(riot shown) causing the explosion of *the mixture', and-driving the piston out- 'jfward, It'willj be noted that val-ve22is of;

greater diameter than valve 11, hence the ff fifijpressure jof' the exploded ases on valve 22. f-tendsto holdthe latteron ts seat, and=when lthe'piston approaches the uter end ofits fstjr'qke, enameswhe 11 to be opened' before ,ivalvf22 is opened, hence the expandedand 9: ex jl'odedmi ture will rapidly escape through the'pasjsage 14,'and as the piston nears" the "-"outer end of its "stroke, valve" 22 will be ,appened, .and'a supply of cool compressed ll-airiwfll rush into "th'ecylinder and assist inasse t -t engine: e 9 p n tion of I this form of engine reaches the outer end of its stroke, the gas will rush through the passages 32 to mix with the air, and the operation above'jdescribed will be repeated. As the rod 23extends through the combustion. chamber, and is liable to become hot by reason of the burned ases, this rod is made hollow as shown, and 1n this hollow rod a cylindrical plunger 33 loosely fits. This plunger 33 is reciprocated in the tubular rod by the movement or the rod, and serves to induce a flowpf air in and. out of the rod to keep the same cool, it being understood that such air enters through the slots 28 in the end of the rod.

i In the modification, shownin Fig. 4, the engine structure is'similarin many particulars to that above described, and illustrated in Figs. 1,2, and 3, and for convenience I have employed the same reference characters to indicate-the same parts, in so far as such parts are alike in construction. Where however, the parts differ, I have employed different reference characters. In this modi-.

fication, the crank housing 4 constitutes a receptacle for gas, which is admitted through an inlet 34, and an annular'air chamber 35 is provided around 'the cylinder 1 at the end of its larger diameter. Air is supplied to. this chamber35 through a .port

36, and. communicates with the combustion chamber below the larger diameter ofthe piston by means {of .a passage 37,, and with the combustion chamber between the piston and the exhaust valve by means ofa passa e 3 8. "The piston 39 has asolid head ma e with'a central opening 40, in which a'tubw lar rod 41 is secured. This tubuular rod 41 correspondsjto the rod '23 of the preferred form, and the plunger 33 in said rod is prevented from escaping by means of a crosspin 42. In this rod 41, the gaswill' circulate to keep it cool,inste.a-d of the air, as in the preferred form. Piston 39 is provided in oneside of its larger diameter with'a port 43 which, when the piston is in its extreme outer'positiom will register with one end of a V-shaped passage 44, so that the-gas'in the piston-may 'fiow through said passage indicated more clearly in Fig. 5 into the combustion chamber. This passage 44 is made V,-shape sothat the port 43 only registers therewith when the piston is in its. extreme outward position. I I H The operation of'this modification is as follows: In Fig ..4, the piston 39is shown in its'ze'xtreme outward position, that is, ready to begin its compression stroke. -When in this position, it will benoted thatcexha ust valve 11 is held op'en and the air is rushing into the explosion chambenthrough passages 38-, and gas through passage 44. it wlll'be noted that the inner endofpassage 38 is nearer the closed end 'of the cylinder than is the outlet passage 44, so that the air rushes into the cylinder ,first. 'Tl11S1I1-l11Slb ing air causes the exploded" gases'to be forced out of the cylinder as the valve 11 is maintained open, until the pistonbegins its inward stroke, and isheld open long enough to allow the air to force out all of the exploded gases, and thoroughly scavengesthe engine: The inward stroke of the piston cuts oif both passages '38 and 44, and sucks 1, in under the piston air through the port 37 ."j' 1 When the piston is forced outward by means of the exploded gases, the air in the cylinder under the larger diameter of the piston will be compressed in chamber 35, and will find its exit through passage 38, whenthe'piston 15 moves far enough in' its outward stroke. The operation above described will then be repeated. v I

In the several supply ports which con-. nects the engine with the series of gas sup- :0 ply, and with the'outside air, an suitable form of check valve (not shown{ may be employed, but as this is well known in the art, it is needless to illustrate'or describe the same.

It is to be understood of course that the engine above described isnot limitedto' any arrangement of valves or other cooperating l'eatu'res, but is broadly to the idea ofa piston of two diameters, which atone stroke of the piston compresses separately air and as. g Various slight changes might be made in the general form and arrangement of. parts described without departing from my inv'en tion, andhence I do not limit myself to the precise details'set forth, but consider myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my inveutiomwha-t I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is p 1, In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, ofa piston in thecylindenan exhaust valve in t-he head of the cylinder having a tubular stem, a source of coolingagent supply,'avhollow rod -ftelescoping in the tubular stem of the exhaust valve and connecting the exhaust "950 valve and the piston, said rod communicating at one end with the cooling agent source of supply, substantially as described, I

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylindeiy of an exhaust valve in the end of the cylinder having a hollow stem, a piston in thecylinder, a source of cooling air supply, and a tubular air circulating rod connecting the piston and the valve, communicating at one end with the soih-ce of air supply, and telescoping in the tubular stem of the latter, and a movable device in said tubular rod reciprocated by the motion of the piston, substantially as described. 7 3. Inan internal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder, of an exhaust valve in the end of the cylinder havi :g a hollow stem, a piston in the cylinder, a source of cooling air supply, a tubular air circulating rod connecting the piston and the valve, communicating ,at one end with the source of air supply, and telescoping in thetubular stem of the latter,'and a movable device in said tubular rod reciprocated by the motion of the piston, and a spring normally, holding said valve on its seat, substantially as described.

. 4. In an internalcombustion engine,.the combination with a cylinder of two diameters,',and a piston of two diameters fitting the cylinder, of an exhaust valve in the .end of the cylinder, a tubular stem on said valve projectingthrough the cylinder, a

capon the end of said tubular stem, a coiled spring exerting outward pressure on the cap to normally hold said valve in closed position, a source of cooling air supply, and a tubular air circulating rod connecting said valve with the piston, whereby the movementof the piston controls the movement of said valve, said rod communicating at one end with the source of air supp y, and a movable device in said rod reciprocated by the motion of the piston, substantiallycas described. v t A 5. In. aninternal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder of two diam;

etens, and a piston of two diameters fitting the cylinder, of an exhaust valve in the end offthecylinder, a tubular stem on said valve projecting through the cylinder, a cap on the endofsaid' tubular stem, a coiled spring exerting outward pressure on the cap to nori'hally hold said palve in closed position, a

source of cooling air supply, a tubular air circulating red connected to the piston, and

a head on Said rod mounted to telescope in the tubular stem of the'va lve, whereby when sai piston-approaches the extre-mejof itsoutwaitd'str'oke, said rod will open the valve,

said rod communicating at one end with the source of air supply, and a'movahle device in said rod reciprocated by the motion of the piston, substantially as described.

6. In'an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder of. two diameters, and a piston of two diameters fitting the cylinder, of an exhaust valve in the end of thecylinder,.a tubular stem on said valve projectingthrough thcvcylindciga cap on the end of said tubular stem, a coiled spring exerting outward pressure on the ;cap to normally l1ol(l",s'ai(l valve in closed position,

a-rod connected to the piston, a head on said rod mounted totelescope in the'tubula'r stem of the valve, whereby when said piston approaches the extreme of its outward stroke, said rod will open the valve, a source of cooling agent supply, said rod tubular in form and communicating at one end with the source of cooling fluid, and a loosely fitting plunger in described. r

diameters fitting the opening-in its end, an-"exhaustivalve [nor- 1 combination with an spring between the end "of thepis'ton and' downward pressure on,

valve having a tubular stem, an inletvalve normally closingthe openings in the piston,'an'd arod fixed to tubular stem of the exhaust valve, substantially as described,

In an internal: combustiouengine, the

and a cylinder of two diameters communi-l eating with said-case, ofa' piston of 'tWO. I diameters fitting the cylinder and: having an opening :inmits end 'an' exhaust valve normally closing. an outl openings in the piston, to said inlet valve and havingah enlarged head mounted to telescope in the stem of the exhaust valve, said tubular rodvprojeete ing through an opening inthe piston, a. cap on said rod inside of the piston, ,a coiled sald cap exerting said rod, a-cap-onthe out-er endefthe' tubular valve stem," and a spring exerting, said cap, 'saidlastmentioned spring stronger than the fiI'St Q outward pressure on 1 mentioned spring, substantially asde scribede 9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination withan inclosedfcranlg. ease,- and a cylinder I of two diameters, coinmumcatingwith said'case, ofa piston of two diameters fittingthe Y an opening in its end,an exhaust valve normally closing anoutlet' in the jiend ofjthe.

cylinder, said exhaust valve ihaving a tubus larstem, an inlet valve openings in the piston, a rod fixed to said inlet valve and having a headon one end telescoping inthe tubular stemv of the exhaust valve, said crank ease having an inlet for air, and

passages in its larger'diameter with-one of which agas inlet communicates, the ends of said passages beingispaced apart a distance equal to thelongitudinal dimension. of the enlarged inner end tially as described;

10. In an internal combustion-engine,-thc

Jan 5 lnclosed crank case,

combination with v and a-czlinder of two diametersicommunn eating; 1,

an opening'in its. end, an exhausts,valve said rod, substantially as,

i 1 "the; openings in the mally closing an outletin; the end of the cylinder, 'saidexhaust' the tubular valve stem,

inelosed' j crank. case,

I subst et' i'n the end of the a cylinder, said exhaust valve having a 'tubu-j lar stem, an inlet valve normally closing the. a 'tiibular rod fixed of-the "exhaust cooling' agent's supply,

: source of supply,

\of the cylinder said exhaustvalve having a tubu; an inlet-valve normally closin piston, a tubular ro fixed. to said inlet valve'and havingan encylinder, Ian I stem,

stern of the exhaust valve, projecting through an opening in .the piston, a cap on saidrodinside of the piston, a coiled. spring between'the end of the pis-;

,larged headmountedto telescope in the said tubular-rod ton andsaid' cap exerting downward pres- 75,

the outer end .of

sure onsaid rod, a cap on a spring exertln g out- ,ward, pressureon said cap, said 'lashmen- SH-1d inlet valveandh'avinga head on. one. end telescoping in the tioned lspri .tlonedjsprmg, said crank case having an inso let .forair, andflsaid cylinder having open ended passages in its larger diameter with one of which'a 'gas inlet communicates, the .ends of said passages being spaced distanceequal to the. longitudinal dimension as n gin the a cylinder, ofa piston in exhaust-valve and the piston, a

eating at one, endwith the cooling-agent and a movable device inreciprocated' by the movement :of the" piston, agent is compelled to the tube, substantially as described. 12. In'a'n internal combustion engine,-,the

said hollow 'tu move mtoand p source of -a said rod communiexhaustvalve in; the head 90 whereby the cooling" *3 out Of combination with a cylinder, of a piston in the cylinder, an exhaust valve inthe head hollow rod telescoping in the tubular-stem cyl-inde'r andi having ;haust valve andflthe piston,,a source of. coolmg agent supply, said rod communicating normally closing the said cylinder having open ended of said piston, substa n-' 'thfsaidcase, of a pistonsofftwo diameters fitting the cylinder, and having of the exhaust valve and connecting theexhaving'a tubular St8m,*a 105 atone end with the cool ng agent=sourceof upp y v hollow 1crankf' housing, and said; piston hollownn'd communicating with saidcrank 1 housing andisa'id tubular stem, substantially as described." a v p 135111 an internalcombustion engine, the

combinationwithva cylinder, of a piston "the cylinder, an exhaust valve in the: head -'of the"cylinder havingatubular stem, a};

' hollow rod telescoping ingthe tubular-stem 120 haus't valve and. connecting'the ex of, theex andthe piston, ipply,-jsaid rod, communicating th' the] cooling agent source-of ytl he eeoling agent is 'corri= Iito and e sepnlr ea d Pi i a pelle'd to "move source said source, of supply constituting a v out of the tubejsaid eenstgituting a shollo'w 'crank sausages-dsaid piston hollow and com- 139 a source of co'oh Vable, dev cevin said hollow e' inovement of -the" municating with said crank housing. and

said tubular stem, substantially as described.

1-1 in an internal combustion engine, the.

hollow rod telescoping in ot'tbc'exbaust valve and connecting the exthe hollow haust valve and the piston. a sourceofcooling agent supply. said rod eonununicating' at one end with the cooling agent source of supply. a head on said rod movable within exhaust stem, and a coiled spring around said stem exerting pressure on the stem to normally hold the exhaust valve on its seat, substantially as described.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a: cylinder of a piston in the cylinder, an exhaulst valve in the head of the cylinder having a tubular stem, a hollow rod telescoping in the tubular stem of the exhaust valve and connectingthe exhaust .valve and the piston, a source of cooling agent supply, said rod communicating at one end with thecooling agent source of supply, a movable device in said hollow tube reeiprocated by the movement of the iston, whereby the cooling agent is compelled to move intoand out of-the tube, a head on said rod movable within the hollow exhaust valve, stem, and a coiled spring around said stem exerting pressure on the stem to normally hold the exhaust valve on its seat, substantially as described. i

16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, the cylinder, an exhaust valve in the head of the cylinder having a tubular stem, a. hollow rod telesco ing in the tubular stem of the exhaust va ve and connecting the exhaust valve and the piston, a source of cooling exhaust valve and the piston,

said tubular stem,

name to this speei of a piston in agent supply, said rod communicating 'at one end with. the cooling agent source of supply, said source of supply constituting a hollow crank housing, and hollow and communicating with said 0 'ank housing and said tubular stem, at head on said rod movable within valve stein, and a coiled spring aroun said stem exerting pressure on the stem to normally hold the exhaust valve on its seat, substantially as described. 17. In an internal-combustion ,enginmthe combination witha cylinder, of a piston in the eylinder,,an exhaust valve in the head of the cylinder having a tubularstem. a

hollow ,rodtelescoping 1n the tubular stem of the exhaust valve and connecting the a source of coolingagent supply. said rod connnunicating at one end with the cooling agent source of supply, and a movable device in said hollow tube reciprocated by the movement of the piston, whereby the cooling compelled to move into and out of the tube, said source of supply constituting a hollow crank housing, and said piston hollow and communicating with said crank housing an a head on said rod movable within the hollow exha'ust valve stem,

said piston agent is the hollow exhaust and a coiled spring around said stem exerting pressure on the stem to normally hold the exhaust valve on its seat, substantially as described.

In testimony 'fication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. 'ALLEN E. HALLQ Witnesses: R. H. KnnNKnn,

S. V. Fosrrn.

whereof I have signed my 

